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WHAT ARE BARBITURATES?Barbiturate is a group of sleep enhancer and tranquilizer drugs that are made from barbituric acid.Chemical compositionAs described above barbiturates are derived from barbituric acid. So they are available in the form of any salt of barbituric acid.Mode of actionBarbiturates act by suppressing central nervous system. They relax the muscles of central nervous system by minimizing the activity of nerves. Our nervous system has a very important chemical that acts as neurotransmitter and it is called gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). The nerves of the central nervous system use this chemical neurotransmitter to be in touch with each other. The barbiturate suppresses this gamma amino butyric acid and in turn nerves are relaxed.PENTOBARBITAL BARBITURATESPentobarbital is a short acting barbiturate. We can say it is a dangerous drug because when used in high doses, it leads to death. Chemical formulation:                                                                                                                                                                            O                            O
                                                                      HN              NH                                                                                                                                                                  O
Pentobarbital is also available in the form of the salt of barbiturates. The process of synthesis of pentobarbital is very much like that of amobarbital. A little difference is that the alkylation of    α-ethylmalonic ester is carried out with 2-bromopentane in place of 1-bromo-3-methylbutane and produces pentobarbital.Mechanism of action: Pentobarbital go through first-pass metabolism inside liver and most probably in small and large intestines.Drug-Drug interaction: When pentobarbital is administered with other drugs such as benzodiazepines, ethanol, opioids, antihistamines, and any other sedative-hypnotic drugs, its action is enhanced. More sedative and hypnotic effect is observed.Pharmacokinetics: Oral bioavailability of pentobarbital is 70-90% and rectal bioavailability is 90%. Its protein binding is 20-45% and elimination half-life is 15-48hours.Uses of pentobarbital: Pentobarbital is used for sedation and hypnosis.It is used in the treatment of sleeplessness.It is also used as anesthetic agent for treatments of aniimals

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